Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131 ne zaman ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131? Buna neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu? Bu sorularla ba\u015flamak bizi daha do\u011fru bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biliyorum ki \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmayan bireyler olarak, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u201cbirey\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz gerekir. Sonra \u201cbirey\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyi\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamak en do\u011frusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcmer, Akad ve Babil’e kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131, o d\u00f6nemin metinlerinde \u201camargi\u201d ve \u201camagi\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin tarihin bilinen en eski \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ifadeleri olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ortaya konmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin anaya, \u00f6ze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve k\u00f6lelikten kurtulma anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de h\u00fckmeden ve h\u00fckmedilenin hep var oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Zaten \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 geli\u015fmeden kendisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n
H\u00fckmedilenin her d\u00f6nemde, h\u00fckmedenin stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ve konumuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri oldu\u011funu; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin \u00e7ok eski bir gelenek olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de biliyoruz. \u0130nsan, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 her d\u00f6nemde farkl\u0131 dillerde ama benzer ama\u00e7larla kullanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckmetme d\u00fczeni ortadan kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn hepimiz ya bir ki\u015fiye, ya bir kuruma ya da illa bir \u015feye ”aitmi\u015fiz” gibi ya\u015famaktay\u0131z: d\u00fczenin insan\u0131, evin annesi, baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fu, erke\u011fin kad\u0131n\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n erke\u011fi\u2026 K\u0131sacas\u0131 herkes birine ya da bir \u015feye ait. Bence \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131, ait olunan bu \u015feylerden kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herkesin kendi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolunun ifadesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan ancak kendi olabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olabilir. Elbette kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak; kimsesiz, sorumsuz ya da sorunlu olmak de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir amac\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olamaz. E\u011fer s\u00f6z konusu aidiyet, bireyin ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa ve birey bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn alt\u0131nda eziliyorsa, bundan kurtulmak da son derece hakl\u0131 bir gerek\u00e7edir.<\/p>\n
Bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 hayat\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri saymakla bitmeyecek kadar \u00e7oktur. Erke\u011fin h\u00fckm\u00fc ve bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bir erkek egemen sistem, kad\u0131n\u0131 adeta ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde h\u00fckmedilen; biny\u0131llard\u0131r bu h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi veren en \u00f6nemli toplumsal kesimdir. \u0130lk s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen toplumsal \u00f6znenin kad\u0131n olmas\u0131, onu s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 tarihin her a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkeye gelince; e\u011fer devlet bireyin ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinde s\u00f6z sahibi oluyor, \u201cvatana can\u0131m feda\u201d s\u00f6ylemi bireyin kendisini devlet i\u00e7in kurban etmesini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsa; o zaman birey, \u00fclkeyi gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek kendini ayakta tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan devlete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclke, ancak \u00fczerinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fama imkan\u0131 sunarsa anlaml\u0131 olabilir. Tersine devlet veya iktidar sahiplerinin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 temelinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclke edebiyat\u0131, tamamen insanlar\u0131 itaat eder duruma getirme \u00e7abas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Bu perspektif temelinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck problemi olan her birey veya grup i\u00e7in benzer de\u011ferlendirmeler yap\u0131labilir. Burada bu iki \u00f6rne\u011fi vermekle yetinelim. Sorun genel bir sorun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in aray\u0131\u015flar ve geli\u015ftirilecek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de genel olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bence birey, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunmadan \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekten birey olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Birey \u201ctek ba\u015f\u0131na olmak\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmak isteyebilir ama bu, kendini her \u015feyden soyutlamak anlam\u0131na gelmez. Soyutlamak, kendini ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r. Oysa birey olmak, herkesi ve her \u015feyi kendinden g\u00f6rebilmektir. Birey olmak, b\u00fct\u00fcnden kopmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kendi rengi ve iradesiyle var olabilmektir.<\/p>\n
Liberallerin savundu\u011fu, kendini toplumdan ayr\u0131 g\u00f6ren, sorumsuz ve bencil bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsedilemez. Ad\u0131na ne denilirse denilsin, toplumla tamamen \u00e7\u0131kara dayal\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olan, sadece kendini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona ”serbest birey” en mahkum bireydir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131, i\u00e7inde do\u011fdu\u011fu ve olu\u015ftu\u011fu zemin toplumdur. Bu nedenle toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck geli\u015fmeden bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Yine baz\u0131 kat\u0131 toplumcu \u00e7evrelerin toplumsal iradeyi y\u00fccelterek bireyi bu iradeye feda etmesi de bir o kadar tehlikelidir. Adeta toplum bireylerden olu\u015fmuyormu\u015f gibi, bireysel iradeyi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6rmezden gelen, her \u015feyi ortak iradeyle a\u00e7\u0131klayan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar da bireyi mahkum eder. E\u011fer toplumu bireyler olu\u015fturuyorsa, o halde bu bireyler irade sahibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu oldu\u011fu kadar insanlar\u0131n ortak kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131 olan toplumsal irade \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle \u00f6zg\u00fcr birey olmak, kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemektir. Ne toplum taraf\u0131ndan ezilmek, ne de kendini toplumun \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6rmektir. \u0130rade sahibi ve tamamen g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe dayanan bir birliktelikten yana olmakt\u0131r. Bu da ancak demokratik bir toplumda \u00f6zerk olmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Nas\u0131l ki \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyler olmadan demokratik toplum kurulam\u0131yorsa, toplum demokratikle\u015fmeden de bireyler \u00f6zg\u00fcr olamaz.<\/p>\n
Demokratik toplum bireyi \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireydir. Demokratik toplum, bireyi bast\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kendini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini ve ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n imkan\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6zg\u00fcr birey de topluma kar\u015f\u0131 ahlaki ve politik g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirerek kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flar. Her t\u00fcr bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 derin bir toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele eder. Bu anlamda \u00f6zg\u00fcr birey ve demokratik toplumun in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e geli\u015fen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u00d6zg\u00fcr birey, demokratik toplumun hem kurucusu hem de \u00f6rnek bireyi olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130brahim Can<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131 ne zaman ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131? Buna neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu? Bu sorularla ba\u015flamak bizi daha do\u011fru bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biliyorum ki \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmayan bireyler olarak, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u201cbirey\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz gerekir. Sonra \u201cbirey\u201d ve \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyi\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamak en do\u011frusu olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcmer, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-genc-kalemler"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-02_11-55-28.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9193"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9237,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9193\/revisions\/9237"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}