{"id":8475,"date":"2025-10-07T16:14:51","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T13:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/berru.org\/?p=8475"},"modified":"2025-10-07T16:40:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T13:40:41","slug":"bir-orgutlenme-formu-olarak-komun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/2025\/10\/07\/bir-orgutlenme-formu-olarak-komun\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Formu Olarak kom\u00fcn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcr birliktelik, e\u015fitlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas alan devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n atom olmas\u0131 gibi, toplumun en temel yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 da kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr, kom\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kimi kavramlar vard\u0131r ki devlet\u00e7i g\u00fc\u00e7ler bunlara sald\u0131rsa, \u00e7arp\u0131tsa da kendine mal edemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her ko\u015fulda toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlatan kavramlard\u0131r. Bu kavramlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kom\u00fcn kavram\u0131 gelir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere kom\u00fcn kelimesindeki ”kom” k\u00f6k\u00fc, Aryenik dillerde ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7ede topluluk veya grup anlam\u0131na gelir. Kom\u00fcnalite ortak\u00e7\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, kom\u00fcn bu ortak\u00e7\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme formu olarak ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda kom\u00fcn toplumda sosyal grup ve kesimlerin devleti esas almadan, hiyerar\u015fik d\u00fczene, tahakk\u00fcme ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye dayanmayan, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, e\u015fit ve demokratik ilkeler ve yard\u0131mla\u015fma temelinde bir arada g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ya\u015famak i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f halk\u0131n sosyal ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan insan ya\u015fam\u0131 do\u011fal olarak toplumsald\u0131r. Hatta insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn var olu\u015f ko\u015fulu toplumsall\u0131kta anlam bulmu\u015ftur. \u015eayet insanlar toplumlar bi\u00e7iminde ya\u015famaktan vazge\u00e7erlerse, insan diye bir \u015fey ortada kalmaz. Eski primatlara geri d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olur. Bu nedenle kom\u00fcnal ya\u015fam, zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da devlete ra\u011fmen hep var olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Toplum sadece insanlar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, ortak yiyip i\u00e7tikleri ve birbirlerine psikolojik olarak al\u0131\u015f\u0131p ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131 bir form de\u011fildir. Bundan daha fazla ve daha \u00f6teye bir etkinliktir. Bir\u00e7ok hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fc de bir arada ya\u015famakta, ortak otlanmakta ve yiyip i\u00e7mektedir. \u00c7ok say\u0131da ku\u015f ve hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fc b\u00f6yle ya\u015far. Hatta daha da genelle\u015ftirirsek, yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na ya\u015fayan canl\u0131 yoktur diyebiliriz. Hepsi bir denge, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve sistem i\u00e7inde ya\u015farlar. Ama yine de insan t\u00fcr\u00fc gibi toplumsal \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steren hi\u00e7bir hayvan ve canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n di\u011fer canl\u0131lardan fark\u0131, ak\u0131l ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin farkl\u0131 bir boyutta geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu ak\u0131l ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin i\u015flendi\u011fi ve anlam buldu\u011fu ortam toplumsall\u0131k ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumsall\u0131k olmadan ak\u0131l ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin de geli\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 bulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zordur.<\/p>\n

Onun i\u00e7in toplum insanlar\u0131n basit fiziksel bir aradal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel, sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve ahlaki t\u00fcm etkinliklerinin ve insana has t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerin i\u00e7inde hayat buldu\u011fu ya\u015fam formudur. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na insan \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz ve anlams\u0131zd\u0131r. Toplum ve topluluk olarak ise insan, h\u00e2kim ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yarat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplum kendi i\u00e7inden s\u0131n\u0131flara ayr\u0131\u015fabilir, hiyerar\u015fi ve stat\u00fc farklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir, ak\u0131l almaz bir\u00e7ok e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ya\u015fayabilir, mant\u0131k ve do\u011fal olana ters bir\u00e7ok ucube davran\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterebilir, ama ne olursa olsun her ko\u015fulda toplum var olmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n

Toplum kendi i\u00e7inde hastal\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r diye toplum olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bir organ\u0131 fel\u00e7li olabilir, kulaklar\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131r olabilir, ama insan v\u00fccudu gibi yine de bir canl\u0131 organizmad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumun kendi i\u00e7inde yapay b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelere u\u011framas\u0131 ve hastal\u0131kl\u0131 hale gelmesi, sadece tedavi edilmesi gereken hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bir toplum ve b\u00fcnye haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Onun i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn bireyci ve toplum kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 vaazlara ra\u011fmen, liberal kapitalizmin bireycili\u011fi de d\u00e2hil hi\u00e7bir bireycilik t\u00fcr\u00fc, toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015facak g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6steremez. Bireyci kapitalistlerin ve siyasi n\u00fcfuz sahiplerinin devlet, sermaye ve ticari al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri toplum sayesinde vard\u0131r. E\u011fer kendilerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan personel ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketen toplum olmazsa, onlar\u0131n de\u011fil kapitalist ya da egemen bir s\u0131n\u0131f, insan olarak var olmalar\u0131 bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan liberal bireycili\u011fin t\u00fcm toplum kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 iddialar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kapitalist birey, toplum i\u00e7inde \u00fcrettikleri bir hastal\u0131k bi\u00e7imidir. A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken toplum de\u011fil, bu hastal\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnal ya\u015fam, toplumun bu bir arada varolu\u015fu ve ortak ya\u015fam\u0131yla ilgilidir. Toplumun bu tarz bir arada ya\u015fam\u0131 sonu\u00e7ta iki tezin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur:<\/p>\n

Birincisi, \u015fimdiye kadar s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 uygarl\u0131kla gelen toplumun kendi i\u00e7inde devletli, egemenlikli, e\u015fitsiz ve \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetli ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 savunan ve bunun da insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fal durumundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden h\u00e2kim egemen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ise, devlet, s\u0131n\u0131f, egemenlik, e\u015fitsizlik gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal sistem yerine, bunlar\u0131n toplumun do\u011fal durumlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, zorla dayat\u0131lan toplumsal olgular ve kurgular oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, yerine bunlar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve e\u015fit bir toplumsal sistemin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p>\n

Bunun ad\u0131 da kom\u00fcn ya da kom\u00fcnal sistemdir. \u0130\u015fte kom\u00fcn\u00fcn toplum felsefesi ve kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcn sadece ortak m\u00fclkiyet ve ekonomik ya\u015fam de\u011fildir. Gerek \u00fctopik klasik sosyalistlerin gerekse Marks ve Engels\u2019in kom\u00fcn\u00fc ekonomik ya\u015fama indirgeyerek tarif etmeleri ciddi eksikliklere ve olumsuz sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Marksizm\u2019in kom\u00fcnist toplumu, \u201cherkesin yetene\u011fine ve herkesin ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re\u201d ekonomik refah\u0131n ve bollu\u011fun oldu\u011fu bir toplumu temsil eder.<\/p>\n

buna dayan\u0131larak insanlar\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak, bolluk ve refah i\u00e7inde tutmak, kom\u00fcnizmin esas\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten Marks\u2019\u0131n kom\u00fcnist \u00fctopyas\u0131 \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f bir teknolojik ve refah toplumunu temel al\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in Sovyet devletinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk i\u015f, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nma planlamalar\u0131yla devlet\u00e7i ekonomiyi geli\u015ftirmek ve bollu\u011fu yaratan bir g\u0131da \u00fcretimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek oldu.<\/p>\n

Hatta Sovyetlerden esinlenen \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok devleti, devlet\u00e7i kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 programlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na koydular. E\u011fer ulusal devletler sanayile\u015fir ve kalk\u0131n\u0131rsa ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olacaklar\u0131 gibi, t\u00fcm ulusal ve toplumsal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da halletmi\u015f olacaklard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ulusal kalk\u0131nmaya dayal\u0131 ekonomik politikalar\u0131n her \u015feyi yarataca\u011f\u0131 ve kurtaraca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f Sovyetlerin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reel sosyalizmin ekonomik determinizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, ekonomik belirleyicilikten kaynaklan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Sonra anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ki, sadece insanlar\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak, refah ve bolluk i\u00e7inde tutmak kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ne sosyalizmi ne de kom\u00fcnizmi getirir. Sovyet Rusya\u2019da ne a\u00e7l\u0131k ne de sefalet vard\u0131. Kaba anlamda kar\u0131n doyuran bolluk, herkes i\u00e7in az \u00e7ok vard\u0131. Yine de sistem \u00e7\u00f6k\u00admekten kurtulamad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc olmayan demokrasi ve toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Tabi burada toplumsal kurulu\u015fta teknolojik geli\u015fme ve ekonominin \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemiyoruz. Elbette a\u00e7l\u0131k, sefalet, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k ve e\u015fitsizlik toplumsal ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Burada vurgulamak istedi\u011fimiz, ekonomik refah\u0131 ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeyi toplumun hizmetine sokan, demokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc esas alan zihniyet ve eti\u011fin \u00f6nemidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve demokrasinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde toplumsal refah\u0131n bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Efendilerine hizmet eden k\u00f6lelerin de \u00e7o\u011funlukla kar\u0131nlar\u0131 doyurulmu\u015ftur. Buradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken birinci ders \u015fudur: Kom\u00fcn sadece ekonomik birim de\u011fil ve olmamal\u0131d\u0131r da. Kom\u00fcne insanlar\u0131n bir arada yiyip i\u00e7mesinin \u00f6tesinde anlamlar y\u00fcklemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamlardan birincisi, kom\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birli\u011fe dayanan bir kurulu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, kom\u00fcn toplumun do\u011frudan demokrasi ve \u00f6z y\u00f6netim okuludur. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bireyin i\u00e7inde anlam buldu\u011fu ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck alan\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, h\u00fcmanizmin, adaletin ve insan ahlak\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fti\u011fi ocakt\u0131r. Be\u015fincisi, kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011finin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131n bir meta olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr e\u015f ya\u015fam alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak kom\u00fcn, y\u00fcce insan ideallerinin yeti\u015fti\u011fi en uygun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmedir. Toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcr birliktelik, e\u015fitlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas alan devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n atom olmas\u0131 gibi, toplumun en temel yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 da kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr, kom\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ali G\u00fcney<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcr birliktelik, e\u015fitlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 esas alan devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 maddenin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n atom olmas\u0131 gibi, toplumun en temel yap\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 da kom\u00fcnd\u00fcr, kom\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimi kavramlar vard\u0131r ki devlet\u00e7i g\u00fc\u00e7ler bunlara sald\u0131rsa, \u00e7arp\u0131tsa da kendine mal edemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her ko\u015fulda toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlatan kavramlard\u0131r. Bu kavramlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kom\u00fcn kavram\u0131 gelir. Bilindi\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-genc-kalemler"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/photo_2025-10-07_15-01-05.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8475"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8607,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8475\/revisions\/8607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}