K\u00fcbal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n devrim \u00f6ncesi durumu olduk\u00e7a gelenekseldir. K\u00fcba toplumu feodal bir toplum konumuna sahiptir. Bundan dolay\u0131 da kad\u0131n\u0131n konumu geleneksel erke\u011fe ait olma, onun g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde olma durumundad\u0131r. Toplumun a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik sorunlar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc de eklenince durumu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Havana t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri 1817\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck ayaklanmalar geli\u015ftirdiler ve bu ayaklanma K\u00fcba\u2019da ilk k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ayaklanmada kad\u0131n hem \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fckte hem de eylemde aktif yer al\u0131r. Carlos Manuel de Cespede\u2019nin siyahiler ve k\u00f6lelerin kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya i\u015f\u00e7i, k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve kad\u0131n kitlesel olarak yan\u0131t vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadelede b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerine kar\u015f\u0131 yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin yan\u0131nda kad\u0131n yer alm\u0131\u015f ve 1930 ayaklanmas\u0131na da aktif kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde kad\u0131n ikinci hatt\u0131 olu\u015fturmada, geri cephede siper ve mevzi kaz\u0131lmas\u0131nda, cephede komutanl\u0131k ve sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6netmede \u00f6nemli derecede rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1980\u2019de \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi sava\u015fta ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ileri gelenlerinden olu\u015fan bir toplant\u0131da Ana Batemcourt isimli bir kad\u0131n e\u015fit haklar\u0131 talep eden istekleri \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kad\u0131nlar oy hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulunurlar ve bu taleple birlikte bir kad\u0131n hareketi olu\u015fur. Kad\u0131n sava\u015f s\u00fcrecine aktif kat\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ataerkil sistemin temsilcisi olan erkekler kad\u0131n\u0131 hem kabul etmiyor hem de basit yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ile desteklemiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc bir devrimcisinin annesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Maceo K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu Kad\u0131n Taburu kurulur. Bu taburda her kesimden kad\u0131n yer al\u0131r. Ve yine erkek gerillalar kad\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyerek \u201ckad\u0131n\u0131n tek i\u015fi hem\u015firelik, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, sava\u015f kad\u0131n i\u015fi de\u011fildir\u201d deyip arka cepheye yollamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Fidel Castro bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sert tav\u0131rlar al\u0131r. Ve Batista diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ilk ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal ayaklanmada 170 kad\u0131n gerilla ile Trogo\u2019daki bask\u0131n eylemi yapar.<\/p>\n
Castro\u2019ya g\u00f6re kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sava\u015fta yer almas\u0131 toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fmedir. Devrimin ilk ayaklanmalar\u0131nda 1959\u2019da erkeklerle birlikte sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlarda kad\u0131nlar bir\u00e7ok hizmette bulunmu\u015f, okuma-yazmas\u0131 olmayan halka e\u011fitim vermi\u015f hatta yer alt\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kurma, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan silah ve cephane ta\u015f\u0131mada bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1958\u2019de kad\u0131nlar \u00d6zg\u00fcr M\u00fcfrezeleri kurarak erkeklerle e\u015fit ko\u015fullarda sava\u015fma hakk\u0131 istediler. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerde erkekler \u201ckan g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bay\u0131l\u0131rlar, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yumu\u015fak olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n annelik i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcleri var\u201d denilerek sava\u015famayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Castro, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sava\u015fabileceklerine kar\u015f\u0131 Eddy Sund\u2019u ba\u015flar\u0131nda g\u00f6revlendirdi. Eddy, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sava\u015fkan y\u00f6nlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Devrim zafere ula\u015f\u0131nca t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in Castro \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yler: \u201cSosyalist sistem kad\u0131nlarla erkekler aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m ve e\u015fitli\u011fe dayal\u0131 ili\u015fkileri olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lar, aile sevgiye dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle ana-baba ve \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler de g\u00fcven ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 dostlu\u011fa dayan\u0131r. T\u00fcm toplum gibi aile de, kad\u0131n da kapitalizmden kurtulunca sosyalizm ye\u015ferir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Castro bunun ilk sahalar\u0131n\u0131 1960\u2019larda \u201cK\u00fcba Kad\u0131n Federasyonu\u201dnu kurarak geli\u015ftirmek istemi\u015ftir. Ernesto Che Guevara sava\u015f an\u0131lar\u0131nda Lydia i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201cK\u00fcbal\u0131lar bir kad\u0131ndan buyruk almaya al\u0131\u015f\u0131k de\u011fildir. Onun \u00f6ylesine s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan bir g\u00f6z\u00fc pekli\u011fi vard\u0131 ki, erkek ulaklar onlardan \u00e7ekiniyordu. Bana \u2018bu kad\u0131n Maceo\u2019dan daha erkek ama hepimizi \u00f6l\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecek. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 delilik. Ama \u015fimdi oyun oynayacak zaman de\u011fil\u2019 diyen birinin hayranl\u0131kla i\u00e7erlemenin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u00e7ok iyi an\u0131ms\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu al\u0131nt\u0131dan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck olana\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yolu, erkek gibi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Erkekler bu t\u00fcr kad\u0131nlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterip hatta hayranl\u0131k duyabiliyorlard\u0131, ancak t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye yana\u015fm\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
1960\u2019larda K\u00fcbal\u0131 Kad\u0131nlar Federasyonu kurulur. Ba\u015f\u0131na da Castro\u2019nun bald\u0131z\u0131 getirilir. Vilma Espin, kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretime girmesinde engel te\u015fkil eden sorunlara, kad\u0131n\u0131n siyasal ve toplumsal olaylara kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen gerici yakla\u015f\u0131mlara, \u00e7ocuklara bak\u0131m olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n orduya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na e\u011filir. Federasyon k\u0131sa vadede haledilmesi gereken veya toplumda sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmada s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1970-75 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar parti y\u00fcr\u00fctmesinde yer al\u0131rlar. Yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde kad\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczde 3 oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. K\u00fcbal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar konfederasyonunun ikinci konferans\u0131nda Castro yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe dikkat \u00e7eker ve \u015fok oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kendi rollerini oynamas\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici oldu\u011fu kesindir.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcba devrimi deyince akl\u0131m\u0131za Che Guevara ve Fidel Castro gelir. Oysa Celia Sanchez ise K\u00fcba devriminin merkezindeki kad\u0131nd\u0131r ve hatta kararlar\u0131 veren as\u0131l ki\u015finin o oldu\u011fu bile s\u00f6ylenir. 1952 askeri darbesinden sonra Batista diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve devrimci hareketin kurulmas\u0131nda ve ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. 26 Temmuz\u2019da Devrimci \u00d6rg\u00fct Hareketi\u2019ne kat\u0131larak, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc deviren ve sava\u015f birimini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ilk kad\u0131nlardan biri oldu. Fidel Castro ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi olan Sanchez, Che Guevara ile de birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sanchez notlar, mektuplar ve ba\u015fka belgeler toplayarak devrimi belgelemi\u015fti; bunlar daha sonra devrimin resmi ar\u015fivi oldu.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak; Latin Amerika\u2019da \u015eili, Nikaragua, El Salvador, Arjantin, Guatemala, K\u00fcba gibi \u00fclkeler yer almaktad\u0131r. Geli\u015fen ulusal ve halk hareketlerinde kad\u0131n aktif rol alm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle diktat\u00f6r rejimlere kar\u015f\u0131 kay\u0131p yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n, annelerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 eylemler uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi ve destek g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu eylemler rejimi de\u015fifre etmi\u015f ve iktidarda olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmede \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hem sava\u015f s\u00fcrecinde hem de sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde kad\u0131nlar ulusal kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in orduda ve toplumun t\u00fcm etkinliklerinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu devrimlerde \u00f6nemli roller de alm\u0131\u015f ve etkileyici olmu\u015ftur. Kendi birliklerini, \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini kurmalar\u0131, ordu i\u00e7inde inisiyatif sahibi olmalar\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli etkinliklerle belirleyici olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fakat bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendi \u00f6z \u00f6rg\u00fctlemelerini yaratmada, cins bilincini geli\u015ftirmede ve kad\u0131n kimli\u011fiyle devrimde yer alma noktalar\u0131 zay\u0131f ve yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da kahraman ve \u00f6nderler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa da, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta ulusal sorunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcbal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n devrim \u00f6ncesi durumu olduk\u00e7a gelenekseldir. K\u00fcba toplumu feodal bir toplum konumuna sahiptir. Bundan dolay\u0131 da kad\u0131n\u0131n konumu geleneksel erke\u011fe ait olma, onun g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde olma durumundad\u0131r. Toplumun a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik sorunlar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc de eklenince durumu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yordu. Havana t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri 1817\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck ayaklanmalar geli\u015ftirdiler ve bu ayaklanma K\u00fcba\u2019da ilk k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131d\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/R-1.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8322,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8313\/revisions\/8322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}