G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da bulunan Vietnam\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok eskilere dayanan bir tarihi vard\u0131r. M.\u00d6 \u00c7in\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Vietnaml\u0131lar k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak da bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fini bu soydan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bu da \u00c7in gibi bir ya\u015fam \u015fekilleni\u015fine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devrim \u00f6ncesi Vietnam kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da \u00c7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi babalar\u0131n ve kocalar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131ndayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da erkek egemenli\u011fini peki\u015ftiren bir olgu da dindir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs dininde kad\u0131nlar bilin\u00e7siz ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclere sahip oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle e\u011fitilmelerinin zor oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunu daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve tabi erkekler ve sistem bunu kendi egemenli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in sonuna kadar bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, Vietnam\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren a\u00e7l\u0131k ve sefalet, kitlelerin y\u0131\u011f\u0131nca \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini beraberinde getiriyordu. Ancak \u015fehre gelir gelmez b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve \u00f6zel olarak da kad\u0131nlar en derin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 edenler dokuma, fabrikalar, maden i\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yasal stat\u00fcleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan zorla fahi\u015fele\u015ftirme ya\u015fan\u0131l\u0131yor, kad\u0131nlar genelevlere sat\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Vietnaml\u0131lar, ilk ba\u015fta Japon, Fransa i\u015fgali, sonradan Amerikan i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdikleri m\u00fccadeleyle Vietnam\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fini sa\u011flarken, yerel i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k program\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015flerdir. Bunun \u00f6ncesinde Vietnam emek\u00e7i partisi kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini ulus ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Toplumun en \u00e7ok ezilen kesimi olarak kad\u0131nlar belirlenmi\u015f ve kad\u0131n sorunu, ana sorun olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar, bu partinin kad\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne girerek, \u00f6nce s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Frans\u0131zlara, sonradan da Amerikal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar burada bazen silahl\u0131 propaganda birliklerinde yer al\u0131rken bazen de illegal faaliyetlerde bulunarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlara d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n yo\u011fun y\u00f6nelimi i\u00e7in silahl\u0131 e\u011fitim kadar siyasi e\u011fitimin de gereklili\u011finin fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan yerlerde g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in bir yandan e\u011fitimler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir yandan da propaganda e\u011fitimiyle siyasi bilin\u00e7 y\u00fckseltilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belli askeri e\u011fitimden sonra kad\u0131nlar zorla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f \u201cstratejik k\u00f6yler\u201d denilen toplama kamplar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir. Buradaki istihbarat\u0131 da yine milis kad\u0131nlar sa\u011fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun sonucunda Milis \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine de gidilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Giderek k\u0131rsal alanlarda d\u00fc\u015fman h\u00e2kimiyetinin zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar yine durmayarak mevzi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, kuryelik ve g\u00f6zc\u00fc faaliyetleri yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir askeri \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme olan silahl\u0131 propaganda birliklerinin faaliyetleri geli\u015firken gerilla birliklerine, mahalli birliklere ve son olarak d\u00fczenli ordu i\u00e7inde erkeklerle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar yaral\u0131lara bakma ve gizlenmek i\u00e7in yer bulma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i partisi\u201d, \u201cDevrimci Halk Partisi\u201d i\u00e7inde yer alarak \u015fehir merkezlerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctleme ve eylemselliklere de kat\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ama t\u00fcm bu \u00fcst\u00fcn kat\u0131l\u0131ma ra\u011fmen erkekler gibi y\u00f6neticilik d\u00fczeyine gelmiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney\u2019de ise kad\u0131nlar daha \u00e7ok bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l eylemler d\u00fczenliyorlard\u0131. 1961\u2019de \u201cG\u00fcney Vietnam \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in Kad\u0131nlar Birli\u011fi\u201d kurulmu\u015ftur. Kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ileri, ayd\u0131nlar ve k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bu birli\u011fin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen Le Thi Rieng \u00e7ok \u00e7etin bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yakalanan Rieng, Saygon zindanlar\u0131nda katledilir.<\/p>\n
Hareketin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise Nguyen Thi Dinh adl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Dinh, orduda yer alan ilk kad\u0131n kumandan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Esas olarak \u201cAmerikan emperyalizmi G\u00fcney Vietnam\u2019dan d\u0131\u015far\u0131\u201d slogan\u0131yla hareket ederken devlet kurumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler haz\u0131rlarlar.<\/p>\n
Vietnaml\u0131 kad\u0131nlar hem ABD emperyalizminin yanki\u2019leri hem de i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i, gerici g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan cinsel tacize u\u011fruyor, bu da beraberinde psikolojik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc getiriyordu. Vietnaml\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdikleri, y\u0131llardan sonra kendilerine gelemedikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck k\u0131zlara tecav\u00fcz etme, halk\u0131n onuruyla oynama gibi i\u011fren\u00e7likler, namusuna d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olan Vietnaml\u0131lar\u0131n kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, gen\u00e7, ihtiyar her kesimin daha da tepki tutup devrim s\u00fcrecine aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Devrime aktif kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Vietnaml\u0131 kad\u0131nlar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleme geli\u015ftirememi\u015flerdir. Kad\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00f6z dinami\u011fine dayal\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 1960\u2019larda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan e\u015fitlik yasalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sava\u015fta, emekte, parti \u00f6nderli\u011finde, y\u00f6neticilikte, toplum y\u00f6netiminde ve ailede e\u015fit olmas\u0131 birer ilke olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Devrimden sonra bu ilkelerin ya\u015fat\u0131lma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n daha da olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. E\u015fitli\u011fi geli\u015ftirecek olan kad\u0131n bilinciyle, yetenekleriyle geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyiyle bu sa\u011flanabilirdi, ancak yap\u0131lmayan da buydu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da bulunan Vietnam\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok eskilere dayanan bir tarihi vard\u0131r. M.\u00d6 \u00c7in\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Vietnaml\u0131lar k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak da bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fini bu soydan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bu da \u00c7in gibi bir ya\u015fam \u015fekilleni\u015fine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devrim \u00f6ncesi Vietnam kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da \u00c7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi babalar\u0131n ve kocalar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vietnam\u2019da erkek egemenli\u011fini peki\u015ftiren bir olgu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Dinh-with-the-troops.-Photo-Vietnamese-Womens-Museum.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8311"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8403,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions\/8403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}