Tarihi belgesiz, tamamen yoruma dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle a\u00e7\u0131klamak yanl\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi; yorumsuz, tamamen belgelerle ifade etmek de bir o kadar eksik ve anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda tarihsel olaylar\u0131, var olan belge ve bilgiler temelinde anlaml\u0131 yorumlar geli\u015ftirerek a\u00e7\u0131klamak daha yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, K\u00fcrtlerin ana ve atalar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan Gutilere ili\u015fkin eldeki bilgi ve belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131saca kim olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. D\u00f6nemin karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imi ve konuya dair bilgilerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00f6nemi her boyutuyla anlamam\u0131z\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rsa da belli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izmemize imkan vermektedir.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131tlara Gutiler, S\u00fcmerlerin kuzeyinde, Zagros Da\u011flar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir topluluk olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. \u201cGuti\u201d isimlendirmesi S\u00fcmer ve Akad k\u00f6kenli olup, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan halk anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Arkeolojik belgelerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Elam ile Mezopotamya\u2019y\u0131 ay\u0131ran Zagros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eteklerine Gutium memleketi deniliyordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Kerk\u00fck b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan Arapha adl\u0131 bir \u015fehir kurduklar\u0131, dillerinin Hurrice oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
Gutilerin bir\u00e7ok kabilenin birle\u015fimiyle konfederal bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011fu ve bu temelde geli\u015fen i\u015fgal sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tarihte oynad\u0131klar\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck rollerden biri de Akad \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na son vermi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Akadlar, Kral Sargon (M\u00d6 2334 – M\u00d6 2279) d\u00f6neminde b\u00fct\u00fcn S\u00fcmer \u015fehirleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgeyi ve \u015fehri i\u015fgal ederek tarihteki ilk imparatorlu\u011fu kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bask\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla an\u0131lan Akad \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, d\u00f6nemin halklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki zulm\u00fc sistemle\u015ftirdi\u011fi de s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u0130\u015fte, Gutilerin tarihte oynad\u0131klar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli rollerden biri de, Akad imparatorlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 koymalar\u0131 ve nihayetinde imparatorlu\u011fun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131nda belirleyici olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bulunan belgelerde bu durumun Tanr\u0131 Enlil\u2019in cezas\u0131 olarak belirtildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Merkezi Agade \u015fehri olan imparatorluk, Naram-Sin krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 Enlil\u2019in tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olan Ekur\u2019un ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 ve Naram-Sin\u2019in tanr\u0131lara olan sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunda tanr\u0131lar\u0131n gazab\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir. Bu olay, S\u00fcmer kaynaklar\u0131nda \u201cAgade\u2019nin Laneti: \u00d6c\u00fc Al\u0131nan Ekur\u201d isimli \u015fiirsel bir belge olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tarih\u00e7i Gordon Childe, Tarihte Neler Oldu<\/em> kitab\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlemi\u015ftir: Agade\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonraki birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan S\u00fcmerli \u015fair Ludingirra ise bu olay\u0131 bir S\u00fcmer atas\u00f6z\u00fc ile a\u00e7\u0131klar ve der ki: Sonu\u00e7ta ger\u00e7ekten de b\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur. Gutiler bu sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00d6 2154 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akadlar\u0131 y\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve uzun bir d\u00f6nem b\u00f6lgede y\u00f6netim g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015flard\u0131r. S\u00fcmer Kral Listesi<\/em> adl\u0131 tablette Gutilerin 21 kral\u0131ndan bahsedilir. Bu 21 kral\u0131n ilkinin ismi bilinmemekle beraber, toplamda 91 y\u0131l 40 g\u00fcn y\u00f6netimde kald\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son kral Trigan, Uruk Kral\u0131 Utu-hegal ile girdi\u011fi sava\u015f\u0131 kaybedip tutsak edilmi\u015ftir. Trigan\u2019\u0131n 40 g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6netimi bu \u015fekilde son bulmu\u015f, Gutiumlular da daha \u00f6nce geldikleri da\u011flara \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Bahsedilen Guti krallar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda kabile reisleri oldu\u011fu ve bir meclis taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7imle ba\u015fa geldikleri tahmin edilmektedir. Tanr\u0131-krallar\u0131n onlarca y\u0131l darbeyle ya da \u00f6lene kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri iktidar anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Gutiler, belgelerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere belirli bir s\u00fcre y\u00f6netimi se\u00e7ip zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla, egemenler tarihsel hakikatleri \u00e7arp\u0131tarak tek ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ve kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendileri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek isterler. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fla barbar olarak nitelendirilen Gutilerin, halklar\u0131n direni\u015f gelene\u011finin i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131z.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130sa Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tarihi belgesiz, tamamen yoruma dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle a\u00e7\u0131klamak yanl\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi; yorumsuz, tamamen belgelerle ifade etmek de bir o kadar eksik ve anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda tarihsel olaylar\u0131, var olan belge ve bilgiler temelinde anlaml\u0131 yorumlar geli\u015ftirerek a\u00e7\u0131klamak daha yerinde olacakt\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, K\u00fcrtlerin ana ve atalar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan Gutilere ili\u015fkin eldeki bilgi ve belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genc-kalemler","category-tarih"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/kurdiska-riket-guti-empire-1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7929"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8102,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7929\/revisions\/8102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u201cMezopotamya\u2019da karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulutlar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, kendilerine sald\u0131ran uygar toplumlarla sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 silahlanm\u0131\u015f olan Gutiumlu barbarlar temsil ediyorlard\u0131. Bu barbarlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mda, imparatorluk tekelleri darmada\u011f\u0131n oldu, h\u00e2zinelerde saklanan birikmi\u015f servet birdenbire dola\u015f\u0131ma sokuldu ya da d\u00fcped\u00fcz yok edildi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u2018evler\u2019 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cD\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkesine sald\u0131r\u0131rsan onlar da sana sald\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n