Almanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Paris ku\u015fatmaya al\u0131n\u0131nca Paris halk\u0131 ayaklanarak \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ilan eder. 18 Mart – 28 May\u0131s aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 72 g\u00fcnl\u00fck Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn en dikkate de\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli rold\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar 18 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sabah \u015fehirde kalan toplar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ilkin erzak \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesindeki kad\u0131nlar fark eder ve toplarla ordunun aras\u0131na girerler. Devrim dalgas\u0131 onlar\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplarla birlikte sokaktan politikaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015f; kul\u00fcplerin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fler, toplant\u0131larda konu\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015flar, edebiyat ve hitabet konusundaki yetenekleriyle, tarih ve felsefe alan\u0131ndaki derin bilgileriyle m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131nlar savunma sava\u015f\u0131nda da aktif yerlerini alm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcn tugay olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Olu\u015fturulan tugaya Lois Micheal komutanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an erkekleri if\u015fa ve te\u015fhir ederek, sava\u015fmay\u0131 reddedenleri tehdit ediyorlard\u0131. Hatta baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlar, kad\u0131n kom\u00fcnarlara; e\u015fleri sava\u015fmay\u0131 reddediyorsa onu vurmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kad\u0131nlar, erkekler olmasa bile kendilerinin sava\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 duyuruyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar, kom\u00fcn\u00fc savunmak i\u00e7in gerekli silahlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde de g\u00f6rev ald\u0131lar. Bir yandan d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde direnirken, di\u011fer yandan erkek yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n zihniyetine kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Kom\u00fcnde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131 ve konseyde kad\u0131n \u00fcye bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kad\u0131nlar kendi iradeleri, yarat\u0131c\u0131 zek\u00e2lar\u0131 ve cesaretleri sayesinde \u015fehrin savunmas\u0131nda sonuna kadar direnmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Kom\u00fcn, halk i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u015fey ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk\u0131n, emek\u00e7ilerin devlet y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne ili\u015fkin kararlar alm\u0131\u015f, genel paras\u0131z e\u011fitim ilkesini ilan etmi\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatif birlikleri kurmu\u015f, evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara e\u015fit haklar tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, hem erkeklerin hem de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fccretlerini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kom\u00fcn\u00fcn yenildi\u011fi kanl\u0131 may\u0131s haftas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar barikatlarda kahramanca can verdiler. Bu devrim dalgas\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, 1793 kararnamesiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131n kul\u00fcpleri kapat\u0131l\u0131r ve sahip olduklar\u0131 meclislere g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131n\u0131 da yitirirler. Gerek burjuva devriminde gerekse Paris devriminde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n direni\u015fleri \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde Louis Micheal de kendini devrime adayanlardand\u0131r. Kendisi e\u011fitimli bir \u00f6\u011fretmendir. 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z-Prusya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 40 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Louis Micheal, birinde silah bulundurmak ve di\u011ferinde de sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6steri yapmak nedeniyle iki kez tutuklan\u0131r. \u201cBen h\u00fck\u00fcmete seslenmek \u00fczere herhangi bir g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenlemi\u015f olamam, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben art\u0131k bu h\u00fck\u00fcmeti tan\u0131m\u0131yorum\u201d der.<\/p>\n
Direni\u015f k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca Louise de esir al\u0131n\u0131r. Di\u011fer kom\u00fcnc\u00fclerle birlikte bir gece yar\u0131s\u0131 Paris\u2019i bir ba\u015ftan bir ba\u015fa y\u00fcr\u00fcmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Bunu reddedenler ise, kendi mezarlar\u0131 kazd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin ki\u015fi idam edilir. Louise ise bu s\u0131rada h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Kendisini savunmak i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemek isteyip istemedi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verir:
\u201cE\u011fer beni \u00f6ld\u00fcrmezseniz, intikam pe\u015finde ko\u015fmaktan asla vazge\u00e7meyece\u011fim. Karde\u015flerimin intikam\u0131n\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131m\u2026 E\u011fer korkak de\u011filseniz, beni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn!\u201d<\/p>\n
Louise, Yeni Kaledonya\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde ya\u015fama cezas\u0131 al\u0131r. 1880\u2019de Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc tutuklular\u0131 i\u00e7in bir af \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve Louise de bu af sayesinde evine d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>\n
1883\u2019te, aralar\u0131nda Kropotkin\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu altm\u0131\u015f sekiz anar\u015fist be\u015f y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edilir. Louise, hapishanedekilerle dayan\u0131\u015fma amac\u0131yla Paris\u2019te b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6steriye liderlik eder. Bu nedenle tutuklan\u0131p alt\u0131 y\u0131l hapse mahk\u00fbm edilir. 54 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken affedilerek serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Louise, anar\u015fist olarak bir\u00e7ok kitap yazar. Kitaplar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcn e\u011fitim ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn pedagoji \u00fczerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmeleri vard\u0131r. Halka verdi\u011fi konferanslar\u0131n birinde vurularak yaralan\u0131r. Ancak sald\u0131rgan\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cO sadece k\u00f6t\u00fc bir toplum taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f biridir\u201d der.<\/p>\n
Cezayir\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir seyahatten sonra Marsilya\u2019da ciddi \u015fekilde hastalan\u0131r ve 1905\u2019te ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirir. Cenazesine binlerce insan kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Almanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Paris ku\u015fatmaya al\u0131n\u0131nca Paris halk\u0131 ayaklanarak \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ilan eder. 18 Mart – 28 May\u0131s aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 72 g\u00fcnl\u00fck Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn en dikkate de\u011fer \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli rold\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlar 18 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sabah \u015fehirde kalan toplar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ilkin erzak \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesindeki kad\u0131nlar fark eder […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/paris-komunu.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7931,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7923\/revisions\/7931"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}