Tarihe Frans\u0131z Burjuva Devrimi olarak ge\u00e7en 1789 devrimi, \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir halk devrimidir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerlemi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6nemde at\u0131lan \u201ce\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik\u201d sloganlar\u0131 Frans\u0131z insan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00f6zledi\u011fi ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fransa\u2019da kad\u0131n yurtseverli\u011finin \u00e7ok tarihi bir miras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Daha 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Jan Dark, \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan sava\u015ftan etkilenir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u0131na ra\u011fmen kendisini zorla sava\u015fa katmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak o d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131nlar sava\u015fta kabul edilmemektedir. Jan Dark erkek k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girerek sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131r. Frans\u0131z ordusunun kumandas\u0131nda kilit bir rol oynar ve askeri becerileri, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten \u00e7ok stratejiye dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlar ona \u00e7ok \u015fey bor\u00e7ludurlar. Ancak onun sonunu getiren de \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye sad\u0131k olan Burgonyal\u0131 Frans\u0131zlar olur. 1430\u2019da yakalan\u0131r; k\u00e2firlik ve erkek k\u0131yafeti giyme su\u00e7undan yarg\u0131lan\u0131r. Su\u00e7lu bulunarak \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm edilir ve yak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarihte daha eskilere gitti\u011fimizde, \u201cilk cad\u0131\u201d olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en Angele dela Barthe, Fransa\u2019da 1230-1275 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Katharizm inanc\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen Angele, ger\u00e7ek H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n kendileri oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bu inan\u00e7, kiliseye ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. Kilise, Angele\u2019yi cad\u0131l\u0131kla su\u00e7lar ve Engizisyon taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fkenceyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kapitalizmin geli\u015fimine tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu kad\u0131nlara uygulanan soyk\u0131r\u0131m, sistemin onlara kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu korkuyu ifade eder. Cad\u0131 av\u0131 sermayeden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Kad\u0131n \u00fczerindeki hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmede bu yakma sahneleri sistemin i\u015fine gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n cad\u0131 diye yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu topraklarda y\u00fckselen devrimin \u00f6nc\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc yine kad\u0131nlar olmu\u015ftur. Tarihsel ve toplumsal haf\u0131zan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc, t\u00fcm yasak sistemlerini a\u015fabilecek kudrette oldu\u011funu Fransa Devrimi\u2019nin \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda bir kez daha kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleleri kimi zaman dinsel-mezhepsel, kimi zaman ekonomik-siyasal, kimi zaman da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-halk\u00e7\u0131 veya ulusalc\u0131 nitelikli farkl\u0131 formlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak i\u015fin \u00f6z\u00fc hep ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 yer ve zamanlar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar, daima \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten, e\u015fitlikten, karde\u015flikten ve adaletten yana direnmekten vazge\u00e7memi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Devrim, 14 Temmuz 1789\u2019da kral\u0131n toplamas\u0131 gereken halk meclisini keyfi olarak toplamamas\u0131 sonucunda patlak verir. Bastille Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgalinin hemen ard\u0131ndan \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi ilan edilir. Ancak kral bildirgeyi onaylamamakta diretir. Ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131n derinle\u015fti\u011fi Ekim ay\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli direni\u015fleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
5 Ekim sabah\u0131 birka\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flayan hareket, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede binlerce kad\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015fine takar. Sekiz bin kadar kad\u0131n, \u00f6nlerini kesen askerlerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015farak Versailles Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131 i\u015fgal eder. Kad\u0131nlar, kral\u0131n Paris\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isterler. Yirmi g\u00fcn sonra kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u015fli\u011finde Versailles\u2019ten ayr\u0131lan kral Paris\u2019e getirilir. Bu i\u015fgalden sonra kral halka baz\u0131 tavizler vermek zorunda kal\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan se\u00e7men yasas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlara oy hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nmaz. Bu durum kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6fkesini daha da art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar, yasa\u011fa ra\u011fmen dernekler kurarlar. Bu giri\u015fim, kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinde \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi\u2019nin kad\u0131nlar\u0131 yok saymas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kad\u0131nlar harekete ge\u00e7er. Bu noktada Olympe De Gouges \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n
1748\u2019de Montauban\u2019da do\u011fan Marie Gouges, mutsuz bir evlilikten sonra Paris\u2019e ka\u00e7ar ve ad\u0131n\u0131 Olympe olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir. 7 Eyl\u00fcl 1791\u2019de 17 maddelik Kad\u0131n ve Kad\u0131n Yurtta\u015flar\u0131n Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi<\/em>ni a\u00e7\u0131klar. Bu bildirge ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk feminist eserlerden biri kabul edilir. Olympe, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 haklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7meye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n Jakobenlerin i\u00e7inde yer alan Olympe, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kurtulu\u015funu savunur. Ancak Jakobenler iktidara geldikten sonra ilk i\u015f olarak kad\u0131n kul\u00fcplerini kapat\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal direngenli\u011fini k\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefleyen bu tutum, devrimci hareketlerin kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledikleri ihanetin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olur.<\/p>\n Olympe, erkeklerin kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki tiranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm e\u015fitsizliklerin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir. Bildirgesinde \u201ckad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr do\u011far ve erkeklerle e\u015fit haklara sahiptir\u201d der. Kad\u0131n\u0131n giyotine gitme hakk\u0131 varsa siyaset yapma hakk\u0131 da olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu radikal tutumu nedeniyle tutuklan\u0131r. Mahkemede direni\u015finden taviz vermez. 3 Kas\u0131m 1793\u2019te giyotine g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n Devrimin \u00f6nc\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan bir di\u011feri de Theroigne de Mericourt\u2019tur. Hayat\u0131 boyunca sadece \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 olmak isterken, Fransa\u2019daki devrim olaylar\u0131 t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Kitle eylemlerinde, protestolarda en \u00f6nde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1789\u2019da Bastille i\u015fgalinde k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla yol a\u00e7arak kaleye h\u00fccum eder. 5 Ekim 1789\u2019da Versailles y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kost\u00fcm\u00fcyle at s\u0131rt\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irir. Konu\u015fmalar\u0131yla kitleyi co\u015fturur ve kral 16. Louis\u2019e meydan okur.<\/p>\n Bir\u00e7ok kez tutuklanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen m\u00fccadeleden vazge\u00e7mez. Kad\u0131n kul\u00fcpleri ve irtibat merkezleri kurar; e\u011fitim, tart\u0131\u015fma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyetleri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kad\u0131n taburlar\u0131 kurar. \u201cAmazon Taburlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kurulu\u015funu ilan ederken \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir:<\/p>\n \u201cSilahlanaca\u011f\u0131z! Do\u011fa bile bu hakk\u0131 bize veriyor. Frans\u0131z kad\u0131nlar, g\u00f6revimiz b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr; zincirlerimizi k\u0131rman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131d\u0131r!\u201d<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Jirodenlere kar\u015f\u0131 en \u00f6nde sava\u015f\u0131r. Ancak yakalan\u0131p k\u0131rba\u00e7lan\u0131r. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fkenceler sonucunda ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder ve 1817\u2019de Paris yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir hastanede ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tarihe Frans\u0131z Burjuva Devrimi olarak ge\u00e7en 1789 devrimi, \u00f6z\u00fcnde bir halk devrimidir. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n aktif kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerlemi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6nemde at\u0131lan \u201ce\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, karde\u015flik\u201d sloganlar\u0131 Frans\u0131z insan\u0131n en \u00e7ok \u00f6zledi\u011fi ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini anlat\u0131r. Fransa\u2019da kad\u0131n yurtseverli\u011finin \u00e7ok tarihi bir miras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Daha 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fayan Jan Dark, \u0130ngiltere ile Fransa aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ozel-dosya"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/qiwa09frpqk3WW9U0Q5-o.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7824"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8118,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7824\/revisions\/8118"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Theroigne de Mericourt<\/h3>\n