{"id":4920,"date":"2025-02-16T17:57:36","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T14:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/berru.org\/?p=4920"},"modified":"2025-02-16T17:57:36","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T14:57:36","slug":"ortadogu-krizinin-demokratik-cozumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/2025\/02\/16\/ortadogu-krizinin-demokratik-cozumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ortado\u011fu Krizinin Demokratik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>HABER MERKEZ\u0130-<\/strong> Hi\u00e7bir birey ya da hakikat sahibi, ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu toplumsall\u0131k g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek kavranamaz. Bu y\u00fczden sosyoloji en ge\u00e7 geli\u015fen bilim oldu\u011fu gibi, s\u0131k\u00e7a yetkinle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131 duyan bilimlerin de ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Toplumlar\u0131 anlamadan, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlara ili\u015fkin hakikat pay\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler tasarlanamaz. Toplumsal bunal\u0131mlar\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in de toplumlar\u0131n hakikat alg\u0131s\u0131na daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bunal\u0131m anlar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hakikatlerinin de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlard\u0131r&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Tarih boyunca, hatta on binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6telerden beri k\u00fclt\u00fcrel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde bir ya\u015fam in\u015fa eden Ortado\u011fu toplumu, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131cak ate\u015fi i\u00e7inde, kapitalist modernite g\u00fc\u00e7lerince bir kasab\u0131n do\u011framas\u0131na benzer bi\u00e7imde do\u011fran\u0131p, ulus-devlet denen canavarlar\u0131n insaf\u0131na terk edildi. Ulus-devletler, ger\u00e7ekten Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta devletle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen Leviathan\u2019\u0131n en somut hali olarak, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika denen yalanlarla toplumsal ger\u00e7ekleri par\u00e7alay\u0131p yutmaktan \u00f6teye bir rol oynamad\u0131lar. Modern ulusal toplum dedikleri \u015fey, tarihin muazzam b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz eden birikimli toplumsal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcp, ink\u00e2r ve imhaya yat\u0131rma ameliyesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. Tarihi ve toplumsal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ne denli par\u00e7alay\u0131p ink\u00e2r ve imha etmi\u015flerse, kendilerini o denli ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sayd\u0131lar. Kapitalist modernitenin kasaplar\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayan ulus-devletler, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ink\u00e2r ve imhas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131 ve yerine sistemin ajan kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve oryantalist zihniyetlerini egemen k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 oranda, kendilerini yeni efendileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve mutlu sayd\u0131lar. Ortado\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son y\u00fczy\u0131lda ulus-devlet b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri ve i\u00e7-d\u0131\u015f politika denilen uygulamalar\u0131 genel anlamda bir k\u0131r\u0131m hareketidir. Zihniyetten tutal\u0131m ekonomik d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na kadar ya\u015fat\u0131lanlar, b\u00fct\u00fcnsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin par\u00e7alan\u0131p kapitalist modernite unsurlar\u0131nca yenilip yutulur hale getirilmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f Toplumun Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Demokratik ulus kuram\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bu kasap tarz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc par\u00e7alay\u0131p do\u011frama hareketinin, yani ulus-devlet\u00e7ili\u011fin durdurulmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe yeniden ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n zihniyet d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kurgulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Demokratik ulus kuram\u0131, Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 Demokratik Uluslar Birli\u011fi kavram\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmeye ilkesel bir de\u011fer ve \u00f6ncelik atfeder. \u0130n\u015fa edildi\u011fi t\u00fcm tarih \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 boyunca olanca \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz eden k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyam\u0131z, kapitalist moderniteye alternatif olarak, bu kavram alt\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmek durumundad\u0131r. Son y\u00fczy\u0131la bakal\u0131m: Gidi\u015fat hep par\u00e7alanmaya do\u011fru evrilmi\u015ftir. Arap kavmi sadece yirmi iki ulus-devlete b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir; birer pro-ulus-devlet\u00e7ik olarak habire birbirlerine z\u0131t y\u00fczlerce \u00e7eli\u015fkili zihniyete, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye, a\u015firet ve mezhebe b\u00f6l\u00fcnmektedir. Liberal felsefenin amac\u0131 da s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesel anlamda budur. Kapitalist bireycili\u011fin toplumu atomla\u015ft\u0131rma potansiyeli sonsuzdur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla demokratik ulus kuram\u0131 yeniden \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve demokratik\u00e7e b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye giden yolda temel ilkesel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ifade eder. \u00d6zcesi, bu kuram ulus olmak i\u00e7in kat\u0131 siyasi s\u0131n\u0131r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan, ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2nlarda ve hatta kentlerde farkl\u0131 uluslar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckler i\u00e7inde daha \u00fcst ulusal topluluklar halinde in\u015fa etmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir ulus anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece birbirleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00fcrekli sava\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal topluluklarla daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan ulusal topluluklar\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7inde e\u015fit, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve demokratik k\u0131lar. Sadece bu ilkenin uygulanmas\u0131 bile hegemonik sistemin \u2018b\u00f6l-y\u00f6net\u2019 ve \u2018tav\u015fan ka\u00e7, taz\u0131 tut\u2019 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmaya yeterlidir. Bu ilkenin muazzam bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve demokratikle\u015ftirici de\u011feri, sadece bu y\u00f6nleriyle bile ulus-devlet\u00e7i fesad\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, k\u00f6lele\u015ftirici, katmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve despotik fa\u015fist uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmak suretiyle \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n<p>Ortado\u011fu\u2019da derin bunal\u0131m\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6lgede zengin bir miras te\u015fkil eden sadece etnik ve ulusal varl\u0131klar de\u011fildir. Dinler ve mezhepler de geni\u015f bir gruplar yelpazesini te\u015fkil eder. Geleneksel ve modern bi\u00e7imleriyle dinlerin ve mezheplerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerin temsili ciddi bir sorundur. Ulus-devlet\u00e7ilik bunlar\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tasfiye etti. Fakat art\u0131k kendisi a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, tarihsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bu zengin miraslar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendilerini ifade etmek ancak demokratik ulus kuram ve kavramlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Hem zihniyet alg\u0131lamalar\u0131 hem de yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in demokratik ulus ve demokratik \u00f6zerklik en uygun modeldir. Tarihsel-toplumun benzer t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ulus-devlet felaketine kar\u015f\u0131 demokratik ulusal toplum bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n, e\u015fitli\u011fin, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve demokratik ya\u015fam\u0131n g\u00fcvencesidir. Ulus-devlet\u00e7ilik mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, hi\u00e7bir proje Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 derin bunal\u0131mlar ve sorunlardan kurtaramaz, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve sava\u015flardan al\u0131koyamaz. Gerek var olan Arap Birli\u011fi gerekse \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ayn\u0131 ulus-devlet mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sakatlanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, hi\u00e7bir sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyici rolleri olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut zihniyet ve yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmad\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u015fanslar\u0131 da olamaz. Ayr\u0131ca ABD ve yerel hegemon g\u00fc\u00e7 \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 gerek \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n gerekse T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Hizbullah ve El Kaide \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri n\u00fcfuz sava\u015flar\u0131, sorunlar\u0131 daha da i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz hale getirmekten ba\u015fka bir rol oynayamaz. Pay koparma hesaplar\u0131 da her an ters tepebilir. T\u00fcm eski ve yeni ulus-devlet oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu getirdi\u011fi durum g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcndedir. \u201cSorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyoruz, s\u0131f\u0131r sorun diplomasisi uyguluyoruz\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda, daha b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir hal alan sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 haline getirilmi\u015f Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bu durumu, b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sergiledi\u011fimiz gibi yap\u0131sald\u0131r ve bu da ulus-devlet\u00e7ilikten kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, demokratik modernitenin demokratik ulus zihniyeti ve demokratik \u00f6zerklik yap\u0131lanmas\u0131, bu kaotik durumdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n en uygun e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve demokratik modelidir, yeni paradigmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HABER MERKEZ\u0130- Hi\u00e7bir birey ya da hakikat sahibi, ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu toplumsall\u0131k g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek kavranamaz. Bu y\u00fczden sosyoloji en ge\u00e7 geli\u015fen bilim oldu\u011fu gibi, s\u0131k\u00e7a yetkinle\u015fme ihtiyac\u0131 duyan bilimlerin de ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Toplumlar\u0131 anlamadan, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlara ili\u015fkin hakikat pay\u0131 y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler tasarlanamaz. Toplumsal bunal\u0131mlar\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in de toplumlar\u0131n hakikat alg\u0131s\u0131na daha \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bunal\u0131m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/photo_2025-02-16_17-53-47.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4920"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4922,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4920\/revisions\/4922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}