{"id":1375,"date":"2024-06-02T16:36:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-02T13:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/berru.org\/?p=1375"},"modified":"2024-06-02T16:36:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-02T13:36:57","slug":"insan-beyni-neden-zamanla-kuculuyor-zekamiza-ne-oluyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/2024\/06\/02\/insan-beyni-neden-zamanla-kuculuyor-zekamiza-ne-oluyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130NSAN BEYN\u0130 NEDEN ZAMANLA K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcL\u00dcYOR, ZEKAMIZA NE OLUYOR ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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HABER MERKEZ\u0130- Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re modern insan\u0131n beyni, 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan Homo sapiens t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn beyninden y\u00fczde 13 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck. Bilim insanlar\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r bunun nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck beynimiz\u201d, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ba\u015fka hayvanlardan ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fimiz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve yenilik getirme becerimiz sayesinde ilk sanat eserlerini ortaya koyduk, tekerle\u011fi yaratt\u0131k, hatta Ay\u2019a dahi gittik.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bizimle ayn\u0131 boylardaki di\u011fer hayvanlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda beynimizin onlar\u0131nkinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan beyninin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u015fempanzelerle ayn\u0131 atalar\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcrlerimizden bu yana, yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 milyon y\u0131l i\u00e7inde neredeyse d\u00f6rt kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar beynin b\u00fcy\u00fcme e\u011filiminin Homo sapiens ile beraber tam tersi y\u00f6nde hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

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Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 100 bin y\u0131lda insan\u0131n ortalama beyin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azald\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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New York\u2019taki Amerika Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nden paleoantropoloji uzman\u0131 Ian Tattersall, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in eski hominin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ait kafatas\u0131 hacimlerinin zaman i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc inceledi. En eski t\u00fcrlerden ba\u015flay\u0131p modern insana kadar geldi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tattersall, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f hominin t\u00fcrlerinin beyinlerinin birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ancak beynin geni\u015flemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu e\u011filim, modern insanlar\u0131n geli\u015fiyle tamamen de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kafataslar\u0131, Buz Devri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Homo sapiense g\u00f6re ortalama y\u00fczde 12 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n

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Sebep dil edinimi mi, yoksa iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi mi?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Tattersall\u2019un bulgular\u0131na benzer ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da var. Mesela Almanya do\u011fumlu bilim insan\u0131 Gerhardt Von Bonin, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan makalesinde \u201cAvrupa\u2019da insan beyninin son 10 bin ya da 20 bin i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair net i\u015faretler oldu\u011funu\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Peki bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 daralmay\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tattersall\u2019a g\u00f6re, beyinlerimiz 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce, daha \u00f6nce sezgilere dayal\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imimizin \u201csembolik bilgi i\u015fleme\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu y\u0131llarda insanlar\u0131n arkeolojik eserleri \u201cdaha sembolikti ve grav\u00fcrlerde anlaml\u0131 geometrik \u00e7izimler \u00fcretiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131sacas\u0131, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve daha d\u00fczenli yap\u0131daki beyinler, karma\u015f\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yapma konusunda daha iyiydi; daha geni\u015f beyinlere art\u0131k pek de gerek yoktu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tattersall, modern insan\u0131n sembolik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imine dair \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cAnla\u015f\u0131lan atalar\u0131m\u0131z eskiden bir \u00e7e\u015fit kaba kuvvet yoluyla bilgiyi beyinlerinde i\u015fliyordu ve bu ko\u015fullar i\u00e7indeki zeka, beynin boyutunu belirliyordu. Beynin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, o kadar i\u015fe yar\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cBizim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imimiz bundan farkl\u0131. Bizler etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 soyut sembollerden olu\u015fan bir kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden anlamland\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Bu gibi sembolik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri beyinde, eskisine oranla \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurmay\u0131 gerektiriyor. Bana kal\u0131rsa, bu gibi ba\u011flant\u0131lar kuran beyin, enerjiyi daha etkin kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir hale geldi.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Tattersall, insan\u0131n dil edinimi kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n, yani dili alg\u0131lama ve kavramaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00d6te yandan baz\u0131 di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, beynin Tattersall\u2019un teorisine g\u00f6re daha erken k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bu durumda, beynin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile dil aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulamaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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California\u2019daki Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nde bili\u015f bilimi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Jeff Morgan Stibel ise, dilin de\u011fil, de\u011fi\u015fen iklimin beynin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesinde etkili oldu\u011fu teorisini ortaya att\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Stibel, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, son 50 bine y\u0131la ait 298 Homo sapiensin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, insan beyinlerinin son buz devrinin sona ermesinden sonra, son 17 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Stibel\u2019in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sonucu d\u00fcnya \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a insan beyninin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, so\u011fuduk\u00e7a da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya konuyordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyinler, insanlar\u0131n daha \u00e7abuk serinlemesini de sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak \u015fekilde daha uzun ve ince olacak \u015fekilde evrimle\u015fti\u011fi uzun zamand\u0131r biliniyor. Beynimiz de bu \u015fekilde evrimle\u015fmi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

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\u0130nsan evrimi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Marta Lahr da, besin zafiyetinin kafatas\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Lahr, 2013\u2019teki ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupa, Afrika ve Asya\u2019dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011finde, en b\u00fcy\u00fck beyinli Homo sapienslerin 20 bin ila 30 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, insan beyninin 10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p tar\u0131ma y\u00f6neldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Lahr, tar\u0131m\u0131n temel ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 sonucu insanlarda vitamin ve mineral eksikli\u011fi olu\u015ftu\u011funu, bunun da b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi durdurdu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise, ayn\u0131 k\u00f6pek ve kedilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, insanlarda da evcille\u015fmenin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nitekim kedi ve k\u00f6peklerin beyinleri vah\u015fi atalar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 10-15 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Beynimiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken zekam\u0131za ne oluyor?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Ancak ortaya at\u0131lan bu teoriler h\u00e2l\u00e2 soru i\u015faretleri yarat\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc beynin neden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in beynin tam olarak ne zaman daralmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek gerek. Bu da, eski fosilleri bulmak zor oldu\u011fu ve genelde kay\u0131tlar daha yeni insan t\u00fcrlerini oda\u011f\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Peki beynin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131, zekam\u0131z\u0131n da giderek gerilemesine neden olur mu?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Biliyoruz ki, beynin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zeka i\u00e7in tek etken de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mesela erkeklerin beyni, beden boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n beyninden y\u00fczde 11 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Buna ra\u011fmen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin ayn\u0131 bili\u015fsel yetkinliklere sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Genel olarak, bedeninize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir beyniniz olmas\u0131, zekan\u0131zla ili\u015fkili de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00d6te yandan Stibel\u2019e g\u00f6re son 10 bin y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u00e7lar ve teknolojiler sayesinde art\u0131k bili\u015fsel y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fcretimlerimize aktarabiliyoruz:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cBilgiyi art\u0131k bilgisayarlarda depolayabiliyor, hesap makinesi ile hesap yapabiliyoruz. Belki de beyinlerimiz art\u0131k zeka ve beyin g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in daha az kapasite sunuyor ancak bu, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn toplu olarak daha az zeki hale geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HABER MERKEZ\u0130- Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re modern insan\u0131n beyni, 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan Homo sapiens t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn beyninden y\u00fczde 13 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck. Bilim insanlar\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r bunun nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck beynimiz\u201d, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ba\u015fka hayvanlardan ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fimiz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve yenilik getirme becerimiz sayesinde ilk sanat eserlerini ortaya koyduk, tekerle\u011fi yaratt\u0131k, hatta Ay\u2019a dahi gittik. Bizimle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trendler","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"0","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[{"good_text":""}],"bad":[{"bad_text":""}],"score_override":"0","override_value":"","rating":[{"rating_text":"","rating_number":"10"}],"price":[{"shop":"","price":"","link":"","icon":""}],"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"enable_post_split":"0","post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/4fba2a90-1783-11ef-bbf4-e122053344d4.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1375"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1377,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1375\/revisions\/1377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}