Mazdek, tarihin tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kom\u00fcnalist hareketin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. A\u00e7\u0131k ve yayg\u0131n etkisinden ve esasen de savundu\u011fu tam e\u015fitlik\u00e7i-ortak\u00e7\u0131 fikirlerden dolay\u0131 Mazdek hareketi ilk kom\u00fcnist hareket olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak dinde reformu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcrken devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131yla geleneksel devlet\u00e7i sistemin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmedi\u011fini de eklemek gerekir.<\/p>\n
Buna ra\u011fmen Mazdek\u2019i en eski ve en yaman kom\u00fcnc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda saymak gerekir. Asl\u0131nda devletle ili\u015fki halinde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir gelenek geli\u015ftirmek istemi\u015fti. Fakat benzeri Mani d\u00f6neminde de katliamla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Her iki hareket de katliamla bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da kendilerinden sonraki tarihi de etkilemi\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli direni\u015flerde \u00e7izgi olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mani katledildikten sonra toplumda gizli kom\u00fcnal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler ve kimi tarikatlarla ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce savunulmu\u015ftur. Ancak Sasani devlet sistemi bu d\u00f6nemde kast sistemini daha fazla mutlakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; toplum ekonomik s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc alt\u0131nda peri\u015fan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran kral\u0131n\u0131n esas g\u00f6revi bu kastlar aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n ve dengenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, stat\u00fckonun korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle toplumda, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131 d\u00fczeninin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda Sasanilerin resmi din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da bir kast olarak \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Mazdek bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Resmi Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tamamen ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kastlar sayesinde toplumun fakirli\u011fe mahkum edildi\u011fi, zengin-yoksul aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumun kal\u0131c\u0131 ve din emriymi\u015f gibi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z hale geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde Mazdek t\u0131pk\u0131 Mani\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6ncelikle dinde ve devlette reform talebiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve zamanla bunu toplumsal bir projeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Kastik Sisteme Kar\u015f\u0131 Kom\u00fcnalist Sistem<\/strong><\/p>\n Mazdek\u2019in aslen Hamedanl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir ve devlet sistemi i\u00e7inde, o d\u00f6nemde Mobed veya Mobid denilen (eski ad\u0131yla Mej ya da Magiler) din adamlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ba\u015f Mobed olarak yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bilgi, birikim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle etraf\u0131nda sayg\u0131nl\u0131kla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve devlete yamanm\u0131\u015f din adamlar\u0131 kendisinden korkmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 Mani\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi kral Kubad\u2019\u0131 da etkilemi\u015f ve deste\u011fini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kral bu destekle din adamlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer kastik kesimlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Tekrar d\u00f6nemin ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa ne kadar yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir ortam olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Satrapl\u0131klar, beylikler, toprak a\u011falar\u0131, din adamlar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f ve toplumla aralar\u0131nda u\u00e7urum olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu toplumda kad\u0131na verilen de\u011fer de din adamlar\u0131 eliyle yerle bir edilmi\u015f; \u00f6yle ki erkekler \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra ba\u015fka bir insan olarak d\u00fcnyaya geri d\u00f6nerken kad\u0131n ancak bir hayvan\u0131n bedeninde d\u00fcnyaya tekrar gelebilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131n\u0131n ruhu yoktur \u015feklinde bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama din buyru\u011fuymu\u015f gibi kabul ettirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Erkek egemenli\u011finin u\u00e7 d\u00fczeyde ya\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hanedanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde Sasanilerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Do\u011fu\u2019da Hindistan\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019da Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na dek uzan\u0131yordu. Roma par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 da onun miras\u0131 \u00fczerinden varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Bizans imparatorlu\u011fu ile Sasani imparatorlu\u011fu rekabet halindeydi. Sasani krallar\u0131 Yunan etkilerini silip Pers d\u00f6neminin saray ya\u015fam etkilerini yeniden canland\u0131rma hevesindeydiler. Bu y\u00fczden de Bizans\u2019tan geri kalmayan \u015fatafatl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam Sasani soylular\u0131n\u0131n ve saray erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n En \u00fcstte t\u00fcm asilleri y\u00f6neten \u015eehin\u015fah yer al\u0131yordu. Rahipler (atorbanan), sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar (arte\u015ftaran), b\u00fcrokrat ve sekreterler (dabiran) ve halk tabakas\u0131 (vasteryo\u015fan) temel sosyal tabakalar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Prensler, geni\u015f toprak ve mal sahibi aristokratlar ve rahipler hep birlikte ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bozorgan (asiller) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Toplumda daha alt seviyedeki bir ayr\u0131\u015fma da Aryen soylu olan alt seviyedeki y\u00f6neticiler ve s\u00fcvari birliklerinin temelini olu\u015fturan Azadan Asilleri (h\u00fcrler) ile Aryenler haricindeki k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kral\u0131n meziyeti t\u00fcm bu farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve \u201cadaleti\u201d tesis etmesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu durumdan \u00fcst tabakalar faydalan\u0131p s\u00fcrekli palazland\u0131k\u00e7a yoksul halk kesimleri de daha \u00e7ok eziliyordu. Mazdek bu sapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ortamda parlayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mazdek hareketinin ana ekseni, say\u0131lar\u0131 ve ac\u0131lar\u0131 giderek artan yoksullardan yana oluyor, do\u011fal olarak da halktan destek buluyordu.<\/p>\n Zerd\u00fc\u015ft ve Mani\u2019nin ard\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilen Mazdek d\u00f6nemi Yahudi, H\u0131ristiyan, Budist dinleri kadar Yunan felsefi ekollerinin de Ortado\u011fu\u2019da tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir ve Mazdek\u2019i de etkilemedi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Ancak Mazdek\u2019te ana do\u011frultuyu belirleyen Do\u011fu toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi felsefik anlay\u0131\u015f ile Zerd\u00fc\u015ft rahipleri ile Sasani aristokratlar\u0131n\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015fan erkek egemenlik\u00e7i devlet\u00e7i sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, ortak\u00e7\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir d\u00fczeni savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Savundu\u011fu \u0130lkeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Mazdek, mal ve t\u00fcm servetlerin ortak payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, insan\u0131n insan \u00fczerinde tahakk\u00fcm kurmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve en \u00f6nemlisi de kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fin e\u015fit oldu\u011funu, aile ya\u015fam\u0131nda ve ili\u015fkilerde kad\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunur.<\/p>\n Toplumsal projesi kom\u00fcnal bir ya\u015fam\u0131 esas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle tarihin ilk kom\u00fcnisti \u00f6nderi olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yan\u0131nda e\u015fi ve yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u00fcrrem vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n H\u00fcrrem, Nizam\u00fcl M\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn siyasetname kitab\u0131nda Mazdek\u2019in e\u015fi ve Qade\u2019nin k\u0131z\u0131 olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kaynakta Mazdek katledildikten sonra iki yolda\u015f\u0131yla birlikte Rey kentine gidip orada gizli \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c<\/em>Mazdek, mal insanlar aras\u0131nda ortakt\u0131r, diyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar, tanr\u0131n\u0131n kullar\u0131 ve \u00c2dem’in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131d\u0131r. Her biri ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re yekdi\u011ferinin mal\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 kimse bu haktan yoksun kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Herkes malca e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mazdek’in bu s\u00f6zleri \u00fczerine herkes mal\u0131n\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011fa koymu\u015ftu… Mazdek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kar\u0131s\u0131 H\u00fcrrem Binti Qade, iki adam\u0131yla birlikte Medayin’den ka\u00e7t\u0131. Rey kasabas\u0131na giderek halk\u0131 kocas\u0131n\u0131n yoluna \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Pe\u015fine tak\u0131lanlara Hurrem Din ad\u0131 verildi… Hurrem Dinliler her yana da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar ve her kentte ba\u015fka bir ad ald\u0131lar ve her yerde de s\u00fcrekli olarak ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131lar.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Bu gibi kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ki H\u00fcrrem, ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tarihi bir ki\u015filiktir. \u00d6yle ki ad\u0131na bir inan\u00e7 sistemi kurulmu\u015f ve buna da H\u00fcrremdin denilmi\u015ftir. Ho\u015f, ne\u015feli, iyi din anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi belirtilir. Buradan hareketle karalamak amac\u0131yla \u201conlara her \u015fey mubaht\u0131\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n H\u00fcrremi \u00c7izginin Olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n H\u00fcrremizm, k\u00f6kenleri Zerd\u00fc\u015fti felsefeye dayanan kom\u00fcnalist bir m\u00fccadele \u00e7izgisidir. Ehli Haq K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k ve Anadolu Alevili\u011finin de temel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131 olan H\u00fcrremizmin kavramsal olarak birden \u00e7ok k\u00f6keni bulunmakta ve muhtemelen t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi vard\u0131r. H\u00fcrrem kasabas\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f veya H\u00fcrrem\u2019in anlam\u0131 olan ho\u015f s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 ho\u015f, iyi, g\u00fczel din anlamlar\u0131nda H\u00fcrremizmin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilse de bunlar\u0131n Mazdek\u2019in e\u015fi ve yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u00fcrrem\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nas\u0131l olur da bir kad\u0131n imparatorluklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6rkemli direni\u015flerin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapabilir? Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce egemenlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck korkulu r\u00fcyas\u0131 iken kad\u0131n\u0131, toplum \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc H\u00fcrrem\u2019i yok saymalar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir husus olmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fcrrem burada bir simge olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile Zerd\u00fc\u015fti gelene\u011fin \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi son kad\u0131n isyan\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki Mazdekizmin ve daha sonra geli\u015fecek olan H\u00fcrremi hareketlerin kad\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vurgu, H\u00fcrrem\u2019in sadece bir simge de\u011fil tarihi bir karakter oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler kad\u0131n iradesi ve m\u00fccadelesi olmadan kendili\u011finden has\u0131l olabilecek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Mazdek ve H\u00fcrrem toplumsal ahlak\u0131 her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutarak e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fam\u0131 savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu da kast sisteminin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyordu.<\/p>\n Toprak sahibi Dikhanlar ve tap\u0131nak topraklar\u0131n\u0131n sahibi din adamlar\u0131 buna kar\u015f\u0131 hemen tav\u0131r alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tav\u0131r ilk \u00f6nce, her \u00e7a\u011fda oldu\u011fu gibi egemenlerin \u201cMazdek, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da aynen servetler gibi ortak olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor\u201d karalamas\u0131 \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu kara propaganda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bile bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Mazdek\u2019in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da mallar-servetler gibi ortak olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savundu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu tamamen yaland\u0131r. Mazdek ve H\u00fcrrem \u00f6zg\u00fcr ili\u015fkiyi savunmu\u015ftur ancak d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131 gere\u011fi kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011fine dayal\u0131 olarak tek e\u015flili\u011fi de esas ald\u0131klar\u0131na dair kay\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu karalama o kadar ileri gitmi\u015ftir ki kral Kubad\u2019\u0131n kendi e\u015fini bile Mazdek\u2019e sundu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu t\u00fcr tariflerin egemenlerin \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fku yoktur ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de toplumsal direni\u015f \u00f6nc\u00fclerine kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00f6zel sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa Mazdek ve H\u00fcrrem\u2019in ili\u015fkisinde kamusal ve \u00f6zel alan tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131 yerle bir eden \u00f6zellikler bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00f6zel ve kamusal alan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki \u00f6zel alan denilen \u201caile\u201d alan\u0131 kutsal, mahrem, dokunulmaz addediliyor; oysa \u00f6zel alan denilen alan kad\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fclk haline getirildi\u011fi, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de kutsall\u0131k atfedildi\u011fi aland\u0131r.<\/p>\n O d\u00f6nemde aile olgusu toplumda yerle\u015fik bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Mazdek ve H\u00fcrrem de bir aile kurmu\u015f olsalar bile bunun \u00f6yle geleneksel bir aile olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki birlikte \u00f6zg\u00fcr ili\u015fki ve m\u00fccadele yolda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Buna kar\u015f\u0131n sarayda ve eyaletlerde haremler olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, buralar y\u00fczlerce cariyeyle doldurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Toplumda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filken haremdekiler bilgi ve g\u00f6rg\u00fc\u0308 sahibi yap\u0131lmak istendig\u0306inden henu\u0308z ku\u0308c\u0327u\u0308k yas\u0327lardayken e\u011fitiliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Resmi ag\u0306\u0131zlar harem\u2019e \u201cHeremsara\u201d ve cariyelere ise \u201cKeni\u0302z\u201d diyorlard\u0131. Keni\u0302z kad\u0131nlar rahipler kadar olmasa da du\u0308nya ve ahiret bilgisine sahip olmus\u0327lard\u0131. Esas gu\u0308c\u0327lerini ise kad\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 bir \u201csanat\u201d haline getirdiklerinde kazanm\u0131s\u0327lard\u0131. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 rahiplerin ve komutanlar\u0131n ileri gelenlerini avuc\u0327lar\u0131 ic\u0327ine alm\u0131s\u0327lard\u0131. Mazdek i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iftiralarda bu harem kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen Mazdek\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri toplumda yayg\u0131nca kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n K\u00f6y ve kasabalardaki taraftarlar\u0131 Mazdek\u2019in savundu\u011fu prensipler temelinde kom\u00fcnal ya\u015fam\u0131 esas alm\u0131\u015f ve kastik sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Felsefe ve inan\u00e7 sistemi:<\/strong><\/p>\n Mazdek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin felsefik temellerini Zerd\u00fc\u015fti D\u00fcalizm ile a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k ve karanl\u0131k; \u0130yilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck daima sava\u015f halindedir ve tanr\u0131 hari\u00e7 her yerde bu durum zuhur etmektedir. Yine Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu gibi insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve hayvan eti yenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve a\u011f\u0131r dini y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131; t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin ve g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet, \u015fiddet, haset, \u00f6fke ve a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn insandan uzak tutularak toplumun bir sevgi ve a\u015fk toplumu haline getirilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk olu\u015fumunu ayn\u0131 \u0130yonyal\u0131 materyalistler gibi \u00fc\u00e7 temel t\u00f6z ile a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ate\u015f, toprak ve su. Di\u011fer yandan Mazdek\u2019e g\u00f6re ayd\u0131nl\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131 d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiye bah\u015fetti\u011fi d\u00f6rt g\u00fc\u00e7 ve onlar\u0131n da kontrol\u00fcndeki di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerle evrensel i\u015fleyi\u015fi y\u00f6netir. Bunlar;<\/p>\n 1- Yarg\u0131lama (Mobad-Ba\u015fyarg\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131)<\/p>\n 2- Anlama ( Herbad-Anlamaya yol ba\u015f fakt\u00f6r)<\/p>\n 3- Gizleme ( Serpahhad-Ba\u015fkumandan)<\/p>\n 4- Co\u015fku ( Rami\u015fgar-Keyif ve co\u015fkunun ustas\u0131)<\/p>\n Buna g\u00f6re bu d\u00f6rt ki\u015finin denetiminde 7 g\u00fc\u00e7 vard\u0131r ve o yedi g\u00fcc\u00fcn elinde de 12 g\u00fc\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Burada, anlamay\u0131 ve anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyup yaymay\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sayan bir felsefe g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n Mazdek ayd\u0131nl\u0131k tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt g\u00fcc\u00fcnden bahsederken g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re ileri bir reform program\u0131n\u0131 \u015fifreler gibidir: Yarg\u0131layarak anlamay\u0131, anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131, korudu\u011funu yaymay\u0131 ve sonunda co\u015fkuyla zaferini ilan ederek a\u015fk toplumunu kurmay\u0131 m\u00fcjdeleyen bir reform program\u0131. Fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki, t\u0131pk\u0131 Mani\u2019nin giri\u015fiminde oldu\u011fu gibi bu erken reform denemesi de katliamla bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran y\u00f6netimi bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi, politik olarak eritmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri kendi i\u00e7ine alma ve eritemedi\u011fini de katliama tabi tutma tarz\u0131n\u0131 Sasani d\u00f6neminde ustal\u0131kla uygulamaya koymu\u015f ve sonu\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Katliama Giden S\u00fcre\u00e7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n Kavas\u2019\u0131n daha sonra tahta ge\u00e7ecek olan o\u011flu I. H\u00fcsrev, Mazdek\u2019i halk\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde yeni dini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek onu konu\u011fu olarak saraya davet etmi\u015ftir. Mazdek ve adamlar\u0131 daveti kabul edip saraya geldiklerinde kurulan tuzakla etkisiz hale getirilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n H\u00fcsrev, Mazdek\u2019in adamlar\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalacak \u015fekilde ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olarak topra\u011fa g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015f \u2018o sapk\u0131n mezhebinin mahsul\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u2019 dedikten sonra Mazdek\u2019i de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle katletmi\u015ftir. H\u00fcsrev\u2019in bu katliam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Mazdek\u2019in \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131 katledebilir misin?\u201d<\/em> diye sordu\u011fu rivayet edilir. Bu soru, asl\u0131nda Mazdek\u00e7ili\u011fin halk aras\u0131nda ne denli yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan iktidarc\u0131, sapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Ortodoks Zerd\u00fc\u015ftili\u011fi korumas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 H\u00fcsrev\u2019e \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz ruh\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelen anu\u015firvan (nu\u015firevan) lakab\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130nan\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 gere\u011fi \u015fiddet kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015f -pasifist- olan ve devletin i\u00e7ine girerek reform \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelen Mazdek ve taraftarlar\u0131 kendilerini korumay\u0131 ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015f ve katliamdan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Mazdekilere kar\u015f\u0131 takibatlar Mazdek\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc katliamla birlikte bitmemi\u015f, sonra da ikinci dalga katliamlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bin Y\u0131llard\u0131r S\u00f6nmeyen Y\u00fcrek Ate\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu katliamc\u0131 zihniyetten dolay\u0131 H\u00fcrremizm yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yerde farkl\u0131 adlar alm\u0131\u015f, bazen yer alt\u0131na \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak etkisini toplum i\u00e7inde ve direni\u015flerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u2026<\/p>\n H\u00fcsrev ve kendisinden sonra gelen Sasani krallar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k, Yahudilik gibi di\u011fer dini inan\u00e7lara genellikle idareci bir mant\u0131kla yakla\u015fsalar da Mazdek\u00e7i ak\u0131mlara tav\u0131rlar\u0131 katliamdan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni bu ak\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde var olan kom\u00fcnalizm ve rejime alternatif olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran i\u00e7te bu t\u00fcr bast\u0131rma hareketlerini geli\u015ftirirken Arabistan\u2019da yeni bir din zaferini ilan etmi\u015f ve h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn doru\u011funda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi geni\u015f topraklar\u0131 kontrol edememi\u015f ve esasen de koku\u015ftu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in 642 tarihinde nihai olarak \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Orta Asya i\u00e7lerine ka\u00e7an \u0130ran soylular\u0131 daha sonra burada Samaniler devletini kurarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, \u0130ran da d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu topraklar\u0131 661\u2019de kurulan Emevi Arap \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi \u0130ran bundan sonra \u0130slamiyet\u2019in \u015eii kolunu kendine uyarlam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130ran \u015eial\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrtler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu zor kullan\u0131larak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zor kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmeyen \u00cazidi a\u015firet ve kabileler ise a\u00e7\u0131k veya gizli direni\u015flerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan \u0130slamiyet\u2019in devletlerin temel ideolojisi haline getirilmesi ve egemenler elinde bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Arap-Bedevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kabileleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok direni\u015f geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu direni\u015fler de genel olarak B\u00e2t\u0131ni felsefe ekseninde v\u00fccut bulmu\u015ftur. B\u00e2t\u0131nilik H\u00fcrremizmin de bir karakteridir ve onunla kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ayr\u0131m yapacaksak o da d\u00f6nemler temelinde olabilir ki, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonraki direni\u015fler daha \u00e7ok dini ve islami motifler ta\u015f\u0131mak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece H\u00fcrremi direni\u015fler d\u00f6nemi farkl\u0131 kimlikler alt\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek s\u00fcregelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u015eiyar Kaya<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun kadim tarihi, merkezi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etnisite ve din temelli direni\u015flerle \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu kom\u00fcnal de\u011ferler bu direni\u015flerde ya\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130brani kabilelerinin direni\u015fi, \u0130brahimi dinlerin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftilik, Karmatilik, Haricilik, Alevilik ve daha y\u00fczlerce a\u015firetsel, kavimsel, mezhepsel, felsefik hareketler bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketleri olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6rkemli direni\u015f tarihinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-tarih"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Mazdek-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12893"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12935,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12893\/revisions\/12935"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/The_Iranian_prophet_Mazdak_being_executed.png\")