Mani tarihin en renkli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olarak da en derinlikli filozof ve peygamberlerinden biridir. 216-276 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mardinli Mani olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mani\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem Sasani devletinin Pers d\u00f6nemindeki g\u00f6rkemi tekrar canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hakimiyetini geni\u015fletti\u011fi, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan Roma\u2019ya kadar dayad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n
Sasani devletinin kurucusu Erde\u015fir Papekan\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015eapur ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u015eapur Roma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Roma\u2019n\u0131n 40. \u0130mparatoru olan Valerian\u2019\u0131 binlerce askeriyle birlikte esir alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Roma tarihinde bu olay bir ilktir. \u0130lk kez bir imparator esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Esir imparator ve askerlerine yeni bir kasaba yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ad\u0131na da Gunde \u015eapur denilmi\u015ftir. Yunanistan\u2019dan \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce insanlar\u0131n\u0131, ilim \u00e7evrelerini, daha fazla kar elde etmek i\u00e7in gelen Arap t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta ka\u00e7aklar\u0131, asileri denetimde tutmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6ylesi yeni bir kent in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Yerini de bizzat kendisi belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sasanilerin bu kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dinini kendi iktidarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanan din adamlar\u0131 devlet i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar elde etmi\u015f, bir kast haline gelmi\u015flerdi. Toplum ise sava\u015flar i\u00e7in toplanan a\u011f\u0131r vergilerle yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerlerindeki bask\u0131 katmerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Resmi Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda toplum i\u00e7inde gizli tarikatlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, farkl\u0131 dinsel ve mezhepsel aray\u0131\u015flar geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mani\u2019nin babas\u0131 da dinde reformdan yanad\u0131r ve tarikatlarla ili\u015fkilidir. O\u011flunu da tarikat prensipleriyle yeti\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte Mani nakka\u015fl\u0131k ve resim sanat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Devlet ve iktidar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme ve bir de devletlerin birbirleriyle s\u00fcrekli sava\u015fmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Mani yeni bir dinsel inan\u00e7 kurmu\u015f ve devlet i\u00e7inde reformu hedeflemi\u015ftir. Her dindeki iyiyi esas alarak sava\u015flar\u0131n ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek istemi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, Budizm ve Hristiyanl\u0131k inanc\u0131n\u0131 birbiriyle ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rarak evrensel bir din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm \u0130yiliklerin Toplam\u0131 Olan Bir Din<\/strong><\/p>\n Zerd\u00fctl\u00fckteki d\u00fcalist yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemi\u015f, Budizmden reenkarnasyon yani yeniden do\u011fu\u015f fikrini alm\u0131\u015f, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan ise kurtulu\u015f inanc\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p yeni bir senteze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine t\u0131pk\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan kilisesinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi gibi meclis ve konseyler kurmu\u015ftur. Havarilere benzer \u015fekilde yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130nanc\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131 ve resim yoluyla yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mani inanc\u0131n\u0131n Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckteki gibi 3 temel prensibi vard\u0131r. Bunlara Mani\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fchr\u00fc denilmi\u015ftir: El M\u00fchr\u00fc, A\u011f\u0131z M\u00fchr\u00fc ve G\u00f6n\u00fcl M\u00fchr\u00fc.<\/p>\n El m\u00fchr\u00fc canl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa zarar vermeyi \u00f6nler; hayvan ve bitkileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmemek, bitkileri, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri, meyveleri koparmamak esas al\u0131n\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131z m\u00fchr\u00fc t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zleri ve k\u00f6t\u00fc yiyecekleri yasaklar. G\u00f6n\u00fcl m\u00fchr\u00fc ise Mani inanc\u0131na ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi yasaklar.<\/p>\n Dinleyicilerin yani taraftarlar\u0131n uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar da on maddede \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n 1-Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan zamana (tarihe) inanmak.<\/p>\n 2-\u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6neme inanmak.<\/p>\n 3-Yalandan kendini korumak.<\/p>\n 4-K\u00f6t\u00fc insan olmamak.<\/p>\n 5-Et yememek<\/p>\n 6-Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n namusuna k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00f6zle bakmamak.<\/p>\n 7-H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmamak.<\/p>\n 8-Okumak; sihirle -yalanla- hakikati ay\u0131rmak.<\/p>\n 9-Toplum i\u00e7erisinde inan\u00e7l\u0131 olmak.<\/p>\n 10-\u0130\u015finde gev\u015fek ve ihmalk\u00e2r olmamak.<\/p>\n On emri ile Mani insanlara e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, kom\u00fcnal, do\u011faya zarar vermeyen bir ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcyordu. Tarihe inanmay\u0131 ilke haline getirirken asl\u0131nda kadercilik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda akl\u0131 ve iradeyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6neme inanma ilkesiyle putlara tap\u0131nmay\u0131 yasakl\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer ilkelerle de d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, iyili\u011fi, c\u00f6mertli\u011fi, adil olmay\u0131, bilimselli\u011fi, maneviyat\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Se\u00e7kinler g\u00fcnd\u00fcz g\u00fcne\u015fe, gece ise aya bakarak g\u00fcnde yedi kez, dinleyiciler ise 4 kez dua ederler. G\u00fcne\u015fin veya ay\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fi zamanlarda ise y\u00f6nlerini kuzeye d\u00f6nerek dua ederlerdi. Haftan\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak anar ve onun i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutarlard\u0131. Ay ad\u0131na da her ay\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oru\u00e7 tutarlard\u0131. Bunlar nefs terbiyesi rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ya\u015famsal Bir Felsefe<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131yla da Mani R\u00f6nesans de\u011ferinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dogmatizmi \u00f6nemli oranda a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, akl\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, ak\u0131l yoluyla hakikate ula\u015fmaya \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Din anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir tanr\u0131 tasavvuru yapmaz; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckteki gibi ayd\u0131nl\u0131k ve karanl\u0131k (iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck) vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k \u00fclkesini \u0131\u015f\u0131k cenneti olarak yorumlar ve kuzeyde bulunan bu cennetin y\u00f6neticisinin ak\u0131l, idrak, kurgu, tefekk\u00fcr ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce g\u00fcc\u00fcnden olu\u015fan be\u015f temel niteli\u011finin oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Karanl\u0131k \u00fclkesinin ise g\u00fcneyde oldu\u011funu anlatm\u0131\u015f ve buran\u0131n y\u00f6neticisinin elinde duman, ate\u015f, r\u00fczgar, su ve karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyula yani korkutucu bir madde olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k, ayd\u0131nl\u0131k \u00fclkesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dayan\u0131nca aralar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flar. Bu diyalektik ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda vard\u0131r ve her insan kendinden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini verir.<\/p>\n \u00d6nc\u00fcler ve Taraftarlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Mani\u2019ye inananlar e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapan yetkin kadrolar ve bir de taraftarlardan olu\u015fuyordu. Kadrolar\u0131na \u201cd\u00fcr\u00fcstler, hakikiler, m\u00fckemmeller, iyiler\u201d demi\u015f ve \u201cse\u00e7kinler\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131yla tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u201cdinleyiciler\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131yla anm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n ve erkek se\u00e7kinler yani kadrolar evlenmezler, m\u00fclk sahibi olmazlar, et yemezler, \u015farap i\u00e7mezler. Kar\u0131n toklu\u011funa g\u00fcnl\u00fck yiyeceklerle idare eder, basit giysiler i\u00e7inde dervi\u015f\u00e7e bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrerler.<\/p>\n Mani inanc\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal projeleri de vard\u0131r. Kast sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fi savunmu\u015ftur. Bu e\u015fitlik i\u00e7inde kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi de vard\u0131r. Toplumda t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n bir arada ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri toplumda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmu\u015f, yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nan\u00e7 sistemi resmi Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in iktidar kat\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinde resmi din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisini dengelemek i\u00e7in Mani\u2019yi destekleyenler olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da Kral \u015eapur gelmektedir. Bu sayede Mani serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yayma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015f olsa da bu durum fazla s\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Mani \u015eapur\u2019u ikna etti\u011fi gibi Roma\u2019ya kadar gitmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek kadar kendine ve inan\u00e7 sistemine g\u00fcvenle doludur. Fakat bir yanda Sasani bir yanda Roma gibi bir imparatorluk adeta d\u00fcnyay\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flarken kastik kesimlerin oyunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda fazla \u015fans\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Katletmeyle Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Karanl\u0131\u011fa Teslim Olmaz<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde de Sasani idaresi eyalet sistemini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, beylikler g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Buna ra\u011fmen iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren beylikler, din adamlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer kastlar Mani ve yanda\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve nihayetinde Berhem d\u00f6neminde Mani katledilmi\u015ftir. Kimi anlat\u0131larda Gunde\u015fapur\u2019da \u00f6lene dek zincire vuruldu\u011fu kimi anlat\u0131larda ise derisinin y\u00fcz\u00fclerek katledildi\u011fi belirtilir. Mani ile birlikte t\u00fcm taraftarlar\u0131 hedef yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 katliamlar yan\u0131nda kara propagandayla bu inanc\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm katletme ve sald\u0131r\u0131lara ra\u011fmen Manicili\u011fin toplumda yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilememi\u015f, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumcu zihniyet ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bir\u00e7ok gizli tarikat \u015feklinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; Mazdek ve H\u00fcrremiler kadar \u0130slamiyet\u2019in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da \u00e7e\u015fitli etkileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0\u015eiyar Kaya<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mani tarihin en renkli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olarak da en derinlikli filozof ve peygamberlerinden biridir. 216-276 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mardinli Mani olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Mani\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem Sasani devletinin Pers d\u00f6nemindeki g\u00f6rkemi tekrar canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hakimiyetini geni\u015fletti\u011fi, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan Roma\u2019ya kadar dayad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Sasani devletinin kurucusu Erde\u015fir Papekan\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015eapur ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u015eapur Roma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":""},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"percentage","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-tarih"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/berru.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/photo_2026-08-19_11-24-26.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12483"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12488,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12483\/revisions\/12488"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berru.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}